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Fig. 6. a. The calculated LUMO energies and isosurfaces of deprotonated model compounds and HOMO energy of OH-; higher the LUMO energy, higher the alkaline stability of the molecule. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [44]. Copyright 2024, Nature. b. Synthesis of SPOBP-x copolymers. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [56]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier.