金属离子电池中的磁共振：从核磁共振(NMR)到电子顺磁共振(EPR)

胡炳文, 李超, 耿福山, 沈明

Magnetic Resonance in Metal-Ion Batteries: From NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) to EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance)

Bing-Wen Hu, Chao Li, Fu-Shan Geng, Ming Shen

Table 1 Summary of important magnetic resonance techniques and their applications

Technique Application MQMAS (multiple-quantum magic angle spinning) Obtain high-resolution 2D NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, e.g., 23Na(Na3V2(PO4)2F3-2yO2y), 17O. pjMATPASS (projected magic-angle-turning phase-adjusted- sideband-separation) Obtain high-resolution NMR spectra with large chemical- shift-anisotropy broadening due to hyperfine interactions, e.g., 7Li(Na0.72Li0.24Mn0.76O2), 31P, 19F(Na3V2(PO4)2F3-2yO2y). WURST-CPMG(wideband uniform rate smooth truncation Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gil) Obtain static broad NMR spectra, e.g., 14N, 95Mo (MoS2). 2D homonuclear correlation and exchange (2D EXSY) Study dynamic or chemical exchange processes, e.g., 7Li and 23Na. 2D homonuclear correlation based on dipole coupling (i.e. RFDR) Detect neighboring atoms in space to reveal the spatial proximity, e.g., 1H, 7Li, and 31P. Perpendicular mode EPR Detect the transitions between eigenstates for systems with half-integer spin, e.g., V4+. Parallel mode EPR Detect the transitions between eigenstates for systems with integer spin, e.g., V3+.